By the 14th century, the Roma had come to the Balkans and Bohemia; to the 15th century, Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Portugal; and by the 16th century, Russia, Denmark, Scotland and Sweden. (Although DNA evidence from mid-11th-century skeletons in Norwich suggests that at least a few may have arrived earlier, due to the enslavement of Roma from the Vikings in the eastern Mediterranean or ties to the Varangians). Their early history shows mixed reception. Although the first recorded Roma slave transaction in Wallachia was recorded in 1385, they were issued a safe transfer from Sigismund to the Holy Roman Empire in 1417. The Roma were expelled from the Meissen region of Germany in 1416, Lucerne in 1471, Milan in 1493, France in 1504, Aragon in 1512, Sweden in 1525, England in 1530 and Denmark in 1536. In 1510, every Roma found found in Switzerland was ordered to be killed, similar rules were established in England in 1554, Denmark in 1589 and Sweden in 1637, while Portugal began deporting Roma people to its colonies in 1538. year. In Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldova, Roma people were enslaved for five centuries, until their abolition in the mid-19th century.

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