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Chronology of Romani history - Arrival

1290 Greece: Roma shoemakers appear on Mount Athos.

1322 Crete: Nomads reported on the island.

1348 Serbia: Roma reported in Prizren.

1362 Croatia: Roma reported in Dubrovnik. 

1373 Corfu: Roma reported on the island. 

1378 Bulgaria: Roma living in villages near Rila Monastery.

1385 Romania: First transaction recorded of Roma slaves.

1399 Bohemia: The first Roma is mentioned in a chronicle.

1407 Germany: Roma visit Hildesheim.

1416 Germany: Roma expelled from Meissen region. 

1418 France: First Roma reported in Colmar. Switzerland: First Roma arrive. 

1419 Belgium: First Roma reported in Antwerp. 

1420 Holland: First Roma  reported in Deventer. 

1422 Italy: Roma come to Bologna.

1423 Slovakia: Roma reported in Spissky

1425 Spain: Roma reported in Zaragoza.

1447 Catalonia: Roma first reported.

1468 Cyprus: Roma first reported.

1485 Sicily: Roma first reported.

1500 Russia: Roma first reported. 

1512 Sweden: First Roma arrive.

1553 Estonia: First Roma appear in the country.

1579 Wales: Roma first reported.

1580 Finland: First Roma reported on the mainland.

1692 Austria: Roma reported in Villach.

 

Link: https://www.oocities.org/~patrin/timeline.htm

Romani groups in Germany

The largest sub-group of German Roma  in the latter sense consists of the population that now refers to itself as ‘Sinti.’ They are descendants of a Romani- speaking immigrant population that began leaving the Balkans around the end of the 14th century.

 

First attestations of Roma in Germany date from the early 15th century. As a sub-division of the European Romani population, the Sinti are fairly closely related, both culturally and linguistically, to the Romani populations of Britain and Scandinavia (Finland), who migrated to these locations via Germany.

 

All these groups are relatively closed and isolated, with rather strict codes regulating family, and limiting contacts with non-Roma (gadje). They also have a shared tendency to conceal their identity from non-Roma, and to prevent outsiders from learning about their customs and language.

 

Like the Romani populations of Scandinavia, Britain, and the Iberian Peninsula, up to the late 18th century the Sinti referred to themselves as ‘Kale’ (lit. ‘blacks’). The term ‘Sinti’ or ‘Sinte’  may be found in 18th and 19th century linguistic documentation alongside ‘Kale,’ and appears to have been borrowed from the secret vocabulary of the Yenish travelers, perhaps because of its usefulness in concealing ethnic identity.  Only toward the late 19th century does the self-appellation ‘Sinti’ replace ‘Kale’ entirely in Germany.

 

Link: https://books.openedition.org/ceup/1417?lang=en#tocfrom1n2

Дискриминацијата е дел од секојдневниот живот за Ромите во Унгарија. На училиште, на пример: Околу 60 ученици веќе не сакаа да се согласат со оваа одлука и чекаат судска одлука. Минатиот септември пресудата гласеше: Ромите имаат право на исплати за надомест на штета. Премиерот Орбан сега се мобилизира против пресудата. Никој не смее да добие пари кои не работеа за тоа. Европскиот суд за човекови права побара од Унгарија во 2012 година подобро да го заштити ромското малцинство. Но, во изминатите неколку дена анти-Ромиските напади повторно се зголемија. Ромите во Унгарија го сочинуваат најголемото малцинство во земјата со 7,5 проценти од населението. Терминот Роми опфаќа различни групи на население кои се разликуваат по јазик, култура и религија. Како и да е, сите редовно се дискриминираат, било да е тоа во потрагата по сместување и работа или во училиштата и образованието. Ромите се исто така мета на расистички и насилни напади. Ултра конзервативната влада на Виктор Орбан главно не застанува и не прави ништо. Link: https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/096002-000-A/ungarn-orban-macht-mobil-gegen-roma/

Discrimination is part of everyday life for Roma in Hungary. At school, for example: About 60 students no longer wanted to comply with this decision and are awaiting a court ruling. Last September, the verdict read: Roma are entitled to compensation payments. Prime Minister Orban is now mobilizing against the verdict. No one should get money that didn't work for him.

 

The European Court of Human Rights has asked Hungary in 2012 to better protect the Roma minority. But in the past few days, anti-Roma attacks have increased again.

 

The Roma in Hungary make up the largest minority in the country with 7.5 percent of the population. The term Roma encompasses different population groups that differ in language, culture and religion. However, everyone is regularly discriminated against, whether in the search for housing and work or in schools and education. Roma are also targets of racist and violent attacks. Victor Orban's ultra-conservative government generally does not stand up and do nothing.

 

Link: https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/096002-000-A/ungarn-orban-macht-mobil-gegen-roma/

Croatia: Confession of Roma from Medjumurie: "For Many I Am a Criminal, While Studying at Oxford"

The Roma in Medjumurie arrive after the abolition of slavery in present-day Romania in 1855 and 1856, when the first Roma "corridors" settled on the territory between Medjumurie and Podravina. They are of Catholic faith and in the municipal acts of Mala Subotica the first Roma is mentioned September 1, 1865. Otherwise spatially they are supplied by the majority of the Croatian population, which generates one key problem in education - ignorance of the Croatian language.

 

Benjamin Ignac, 28, a young intellectual studying public policy in Oxford, came to Blavatnik School of Government as a scholar to spend his entire childhood in the Roma district of Orahovica.

 

After excellent results at the Josip Slavenski Gymnasium in Cakovec, he continued his education abroad, including at United World College in Norway and graduated in 2016 in Oklahoma, USA, worked for a NASA project, and after returning to Europe he was employed in European Roma Rights Center in Budapest.

 

He thinks the proposed measures to address the problems in Medjumurje are not good.

 

Most media are biased and have used irrational fear and distrust or manipulative confusion tactics to counter-rhetoric where the role of the victim is being used in decision making.

 

They are not considered criminals, parasites or burdens to the people, and the majority are bitter about collective punishment or elimination. This narrative is detrimental to the status of Roma in Croatia, and with a particular perception of the Roma individual.

 

It is necessary to treat Roma who violate the law individually, not on a collective level, with rehabilitation, not punishment - noted Ignac

 

Link: https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/ispovijest-roma-iz-medimurja-za-mnoge-sam-kriminalac-iako-studiram-na-oxfordu-1382507

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