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Friday the 13th - what are the beliefs for this day?

Friday the 13th is considered by many superstitious people in the world, especially in Europe, North and South America, Australia. On that day, travel, contracts and other important things are avoided, fearing bad luck.

There are many beliefs about the origin of the superstition on Friday the 13th, starting with the fact that Eve in heaven deceived Adam with the apple on Friday, that the biblical flood occurred on that day, that God mixed the languages ​​of the Tower of Babel on the 13th, and Jesus Christ was crucified on Friday. The "unfortunate" number 13 is also associated with the belief that exactly that many people were at the Last Supper.

However, as the most convincing belief in the origin of the myth of Friday the 13th, historians point to the event that took place on October 13, 1307, when the French King Philip IV ordered the arrest and execution of the Templar leader Jacques de Molay and sixty of his closest supporters.

The Templar chase quickly spread throughout Europe. Hundreds of members of the Christian military order Templars, formed during the first crusade in 1096, were arrested, tortured and killed to force themselves to "confess" their alleged heresy.

Pope Clement V banned the Temple Order in 1314, after which it continued to exist in secret.

From that Friday 13, 1307, the followers of the Templars consider that day as unlucky and as the day of the devil.

The superstition about Friday the 13th or the "unlucky" number 13 was fueled by the rich film and publishing production with numerous works on that very topic, including the Hollywood movie series Friday the 13th, the mysterious novella "Thirteen at Dinner" by Agatha Christie and the drama around the Apollo 13 spacecraft mission, for which a film has been made.

196 applicants for 70 apartments. Who will get the key to the social housing in Gostivar

Social workers, families with special needs, Roma and other vulnerable categories from Gostivar are waiting for the final answer: Will they get an apartment in the social housing building ?. The call for applications was closed a month ago, and according to the latest information that Gostivarpress.mk received from the Ministry of Transport and Communications, 196 complete applications have been submitted, their review is underway, followed by a preliminary distribution.

The social building is located on JNA Street, next to the Quay of Vardar. The apartments that will be awarded have an area of ​​33 to 44 square meters.

After the distribution, the apartments will remain the property of the state, and the families that will receive them will be only users.

After five years, the institutions will control and if the family is out of social risk, the apartment will be assigned to another vulnerable family. This is done in order to take care of those who really need it and to prevent attempts for manipulation, ie resale of the apartments.

The building was built about 3 years ago, and the 70 apartments are still empty.

 

Link: https://gostivarpress.mk/vo-ischekuvane-koj-ke-dobie-kluch-od-soczijalnite-stanovi-vo-gostivar/

Which country has the most Muslims in the world?

The largest Muslim population in a country is Indonesia, a country where 12.7% of the world's Muslims live, followed by Pakistan (11.1%), India (10.9%) and Bangladesh (9.2%). About 20% of Muslims live in the Arab world.

According to supporters in the world in 2020, the Christian religion is the most numerous with 2.382 billion or 31.11%, followed by Islam with 1.907 billion or 24.9%. The secular / non-religious group is 1.193 billion or 15.58%, while Hinduism is 1.251 billion -15.16%.

Hinduism is the oldest religion in the world, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years. Today, with about 1.251 billion followers, it is the third largest religion behind Christianity and Islam.

And as the richest religion according to a 2015 study, Christians have the largest amount of wealth (55% of total world wealth), followed by Muslims (5.8%), Hindus (3.3%) and Jews (1.1%).

 

Link: https://al-ijtihad.com/belief/which-country-contains-the-worlds-second-largest-number-of-muslims.html

Arrival of Roma in Europe

There are no relieable accounts of the Asian and early European history of the Roma, but only hints, the interpretation of which, to a large extent, is still a topic of scholarly discussion. Perhaps we will never know for sure why, how, or even when the Roma settled in Europe for the first time. In this regard, the period from 1200 to 1500 brings about important changes: from the 14th century onwards, at the latest, the contemporary evidence states without doubt that the people and groups mentioned were definitely Roma. It is generally agreed that the Roma had already been living in the European parts of the Byzantine Empire before the 13th century. However, it remains unclear, when exactly the first Roma moved northwards from their settlements in Greece. Similarly, we do not know why and in what numbers they left the Byzantine Empire. Most probably, single groups had been moving north from the mid-14th century onwards. At first, the documents do not necessarily point to Roma, and could be read as evidence of other groups of people. From 1385 onwards, however, we have reliable evidence of the Roma in Wallachia, in today’s Romania. From that time on, the Roma are mentioned more and more frequently; these documents show how groups of Roma explored the European mainland. Already in 1435, the Roma were well-known in most European cities. [Ill. 1] Knowledge of the newly arrived people did not increase in the same way as the number of accounts about them. There are mentions of letters of safe conduct by emperors, kings, and the pope, and about pilgrim legends, which were to assure a friendly reception in the late Middle Ages, strongly shaped by Christianity. Services like fortune telling and palmistry or dishonest skills like pickpocketing are also mentioned – the settled Europeans saw only what they were meant to see. Or what they wanted to see: Many of the earliest sources accuse the Roma of immorality and godlessness, or of espionage for the Turks, and, in general, paint a picture of a “treacherous” and “disloyal” people, however, without any evidence. The earliest European accounts thus shape a clear picture of the Roma; it is, however, a distorted picture, a caricature, which still shapes the non-Roma’s picture of the Roma until today

 

Link: https://rm.coe.int/arrival-in-europe-factsheets-on-romani-history/16808b1908

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